The C-AGV offers several key benefits The new vehicles have a load capacity of 61 tonnes, and can carry cassettes with double-stacked 40-foot containers or two 20-foot containers in a single tier. Major improvements to manoeuvrability have been made by incorporating individual electrically driven and steered bogie axles which enable the C-AGVs to be moved in any direction and turn through 360 degrees. This increases the versatility and flexibility of the AGV while minimising congestion at the quayside. The C-AGV can be steered conventionally or ‘crab’ diagonally, or it can move completely transversally. New cassette designs enable the C-AGV to enter and exit both transversally and longitudinally, which allows decoupling at the quayside that is the key to the system’s cargo handling efficiency.